动静组合加载作用下块系岩体动力响应分析

深部复杂地质条件下,煤岩破碎更趋呈块系岩体,在动载作用下易于产生超低摩擦效应并失稳诱发煤岩动力灾害。采用FLAC-3D软件模拟块系岩体在垂直冲击载荷和水平静力共同作用下的动力响应,深入分析块系岩体超低摩擦效应发生机理,得到垂直冲击载荷和水平静力共同作用对工作块体位移和应力的影响规律,确定了块系岩体产生残余位移和超低摩擦效应的水平静力特征值条件。研究结果表明:仅垂直冲击载荷作用时,冲击载荷作用强度对残余位移影响并不明显;垂直冲击载荷和水平静力共同作用下,水平静力与残余位移曲线呈半抛物线关系;不同垂直冲击载荷作用下,产生残余位移的突变点不同,且当施加的水平静力处于不同特征值区间时,工作块体运动状态随之不同。     

折流生物膜工艺处理低浓度废水试验

折流生物膜工艺是一种利用折流挡板与传统生物膜工艺相结合的新型污水处理技术。研究结果表明:在水力负荷为0.24m3/(m2·h)、气水比为3:1条件下,反应器对COD、氨氮、SS和浊度的去除率分别为83.6%、82.3%、95.3%和98.2%,出水COD、氨氮、SS和浊度分别为18.6,1.07,2.2mg/L和0.5NTU,出水各项污染物指标均优于GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级标准。     

深圳宝安垃圾压缩转运站环境污染分析

通过对不同类型的垃圾压缩转运站水、气、噪声污染的监测分析发现,转运站产生的渗滤液中有机和重金属污染严重,CODCr浓度高达32783～67867mg/L,站内混合废水约排放40kgCODCr/d;站内恶臭物质如三甲胺、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫等浓度严重超标,而转运站内、外臭气浓度均较高,可采用喷淋植物提取液除臭等控制手段;转运站厂界噪声L90测值约为65dB（A）,垃圾压缩时的瞬时噪声较大。     

Performance and stability of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor subjected to progressive increasing concentrations of influent organic matter and organic shock loads

Data on the performance of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor subjected to step increases of organic loading rates (OLR) and to organic shock loads (OSL) are presented and discussed. The tubular reactor (100 cm long and 5 cm diameter) with a useful volume of 1995 mL was filled with polyurethane foam cubic matrices holding immobilized biomass and fed with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was operated at the controlled temperature of 30+/-1 degrees C and hydraulic retention time of 7 h. After about 15 days, the HAIB reactor attained operating stability. Thereafter, it was subjected to step increases of the applied OLR that ranged from 6.8 to 18.8 kg COD/m(3)d. After steady state had been achieved at each step, OSL corresponding to approximately three times the operating OLR were applied for 7 h. No disturbance was observed due to the step increase in OLR. An increase in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and a decrease in the percentage of methane in the biogas were observed due to OSL applications. However, stability of the monitoring parameters was always restored approximately 17 h after the application of OSL for all conditions tested.     

An Innovative Index for Evaluating Water Quality in Streams

A water quality index expressed as a single number is developed to describe overall water quality conditions using multiple water quality variables. The index consists of water quality variables: dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform. The objectives of this study were to describe the preexisting indices and to define a new water quality index that has advantages over these indices. The new index was applied to the Big Lost River Watershed in Idaho, and the results gave a quantitative picture for the water quality situation. If the new water quality index for the impaired water is less than a certain number, remediation—likely in the form of total maximum daily loads or changing the management practices—may be needed. The index can be used to assess water quality for general beneficial uses. Nevertheless, the index cannot be used in making regulatory decisions, indicate water quality for specific beneficial uses, or indicate contamination from trace metals, organic contaminants, and toxic substances.     

A multi media load model for the Baltic Sea

The background of this work is the international decision process with regard to the selection of chemicals to be assessed with priority. In order to stress the precautionary principle, mass flows were analysed rather than concentrations, threshold values, etc., as preferred by the chemical legislation (which still excludes the marine area). Lindane, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trichloroacetic acid and its sodium salt, medium-chained chlorinated paraffins and tributyltin (TBT) were selected due to their great relevance for the marine area. Trichloroacetic acid is an interesting model compound on account of its accidental formation by degradation of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons and during chlorination processes. In addition, a hypothetical compound was modelled, representing a highly water-soluble substance with low vapour pressure. The balancing area is the Baltic Sea and its catchment area. In order to model the substance flows, the 'Input/Output-load model' has been developed. The model quantifies the shift and the distribution of a yearly load of the substance investigated from the terrestrial-limnic into the marine compartment (Baltic Sea). Water-soluble substances, which are usually considered to be of no concern, may enter the sea in great amounts and, if not degradable, remain there. It turned out to be necessary to take into account remobilisation, unintended formation and point as well as line-sources.     

蒸汽锅炉出力负荷在锅炉烟尘测试中的意义及计算方法

阐明了锅炉出力负荷在锅炉烟尘测试中的意义,同时,提出了锅炉出力负荷的五种计算方法,并特别推荐了"折算烟气流量法".     

低矮建筑物的抗风研究现状

对国外低矮建筑抗风问题的研究和应用现状进行了综述。全文共分3部分，第一部分论述了低矮建筑的体型对表面风压的影响；第二部分是关于屋檐构造和屋面材料对低矮建筑的抗风影响；第三部分介绍了低矮建筑空气动力学数据库。最后，通过这些介绍和评述，提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。     

Why Critical Loads of Acidity and N for Soils Should be Based on Pollutant Effective Concentrations Rather Than Deposition Fluxes

Numerous assumptions have been made over the past 17 years when calculating critical loads for soils, both for acidity (based upon base cation steady state mass balances (SMB)) and for N (eutrophication, based upon N mass balances), often without all the assumptions being explicitly stated. The tacit assumptions that the author believes to be implicit in the SMB approach are critically reviewed, with particular reference to upland regions where slope processes are highly significant. It is concluded that many of them cannot be justified, especially those that involve ignoring many key processes known to be important to biogeochemical cycling and soil evolution in upland catchments. The evidence presented suggests that critical loads of acidity and of N for soils should be based upon effective pollutant and, for acidity, also effective base cation deposition concentrations, rather than upon pollutant deposition fluxes. This is because of the dominant role of cation exchange equilibria, rather than weathering rate, in regulation of the pH and base status of the more acidification-sensitive soils, and because of the importance of transport down slope of base cations, alkalinity and N species.     

矿工工作应激与对策探讨

工作应激对煤矿工人的影响是导致煤矿安全管理事故发生的主要原因,所以,煤矿工人的工作应激是一个亟待解决的问题。通过文献的搜集和访谈,与其他职业压力源的比较分析,并结合矿工这一职业的特点,第一,界定煤矿工人工作应激的概念;第二,从工作特征、组织因素、社会因素和个人特征4个大的方面来全面地分析矿工工作应激的来源;第三,依据工作应激的来源,从个人、组织和社会3个层面来探讨矿工工作应激的解决对策。为煤矿安全管理及维护矿工身心健康提供一定的依据。